Tumorigenesis after Injection of Lung Cancer Cell Line (SW-900 G IV) into the Pleural Cavity of Nude Mice / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Base on types of tumor, the types of expressed tumor is diverse and the difference in its expression rate is even more various. Due to such reasons an animal model is absolutely needed for a clinical research of lung cancer. The author attempted oncogenesis by cultivating a cell line of non-small cell carcinoma and then injecting it inside thoracic cavities of nude mice. The author conducted quantitative analyses of HER2/neu tumor gene - an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) related to lung cancer, and TGF-beta1, which acts as a resistance to cell growth inhibition and malignant degeneration. In order to investigate achievability of the oncogenesis, histological changes and the expression of cancer gene in case of orthotopic lung cancer is necessary. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Among 20 immunity-free male BALB/c, five nude mice were selected as the control group and rest as the experimental group. Their weights ranged from 20 to 25 gm (Orient, Japan). After injection of lung cancer line (SW900 G IV) into the pleural cavity of nude mice, They were raised at aseptic room for 8 weeks. HER2/neu was quantitatively analyzed by separating serum from gathered blood via chemiluminiscent immunoassay (CLIA), and immunosandwitch method was applied to quantitatively analyze TGF-beta1 SPSS statistical program (SPSS Version 10.0, USA) was implemented for statistical analysis. Student T test was done, and cases in which p-value is less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULT: Even after lung cancer was formed in the normal control group or after intentionally injected lung cancer cell line, no amplification of HER2/neu gene showed reaction. However, the exact quantity of TGF-beta1was 28,490+/-8,549 pg/mL, and the quantity in the group injected with lung cancer cell was 42,362+/-14,449 pg/mL, meaning 1.48 times highly significant (p<0.483). It proved that HER2/neu gene TGF-beta1had no meaningful interconnection. CONCLUSION: TGF-beta1gene expressed approximately 1.48 times amplification in comparison to the control group. The amplification of TGF-beta1meant somatic recuperation inhibition mechanism due to carcinogenesis in nude mice was definitely working. It may be implemented as a quantitative analysis that allows early detection of lung cancer in human body.

A Case of Partial Atrial Septal Defect Patch Closure Dehiscence Diagnosed by Transesophageal Echocardiography

ASD is a common congenital anomaly. A dehiscence of ASD patch closure is extremely rare complication. It can be suspected by the postoperative hemodynamic abnormality. Because of hemodynamic impact, it commonly needs re-operation. A 55-year-old woman with ASD was in hospitalized with partial patch closure dehiscence 7 days after open heart surgery, which was detected by transesophageal echocardiography.

Choriocarcinoma in the Pulmonary Artery Diagnosed and Treated by Emergency Pulmonary Embolectomy / 대한흉부외과학회지

A 43-year-old woman who had had an invasive mole 5 years previously required emergent pulmonary embolectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass. Curative resection was impossible because the tumor invaded the right main pulmonary artery and left lower pulmonary artery. The pathologic diagnosis made by the tumor emboli specimens was choriocarcinoma. The patient received post-operative chemotherapy over a 6-month period and had complete remission. Although rare, choriocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fertile women presented with pulmonary embolism.

Human Lung Cancer Cell Xenografts Implanted under the Capsule of Kidney, Spleen and Liver / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Complete resection by the surgery has been selected as the treatment of choice in lung cancer patients, but in cases of recurrence after excision or inoperable cases, the importance of anticancer chemotherapy has been emphasized. If one can select a set of the sensitive chemotherapeutic agents before anticancer chemotherapy, it will give more favourable results. Subrenal capsular assay has been recognized as a useful in-vivo chemosensitivity test of thoracic and abdominal tumors and it can be done in a short time for a rapid interpretation of tumor responsiveness to anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs. It has been reported that various kinds of cancer cells can be implantable to the kidney, but so far there is no comparative study of xenogeneic cell implantation on liver, spleen and kidney. The author implanted the human lung cancer cells under the capsule of S.D rat's liver, spleen and kidney respectively and compared the pattern of growth and histology. MATERIAL AND METHOD: After incubation of human lung cancer cell line (SW-900 G IV) in RPMI 1640 (Leibovitz L-15 medium) culture media, 3x3x3 mm size fibrin clots which contain 108 cancer cells were made. Thereafter the fibrin clots were implanted at subcapsule area of liver, spleen and kidney of S.D. female rat. For immune suppression, cyclosporin-A (80 mg/Kg) was injected subcutaneously daily from post-implantation first day to sixth day. The body weight was measured at pre and post implantation periods. The growth pattern and the size of tumor mass were observed and the pathologic examination and serum tumor marker tests were performed. RESULT: Body weight increased in both of control and experimental groups. Serum Cyfra 21-1 was not detected. Serum levels of CEA and NSE revealed no significant change. The SCC-Ag increased significantly in implanted group. The growth rate of human lung cancer cells which was implanted on spleen was higher than on liver or kidney. The surface area, thickness, and volume of tumor mass were predominant at spleen. The success rates of implantation were 80% on kidney, 76.7% on spleen and 43.3% on liver. Pathologic examination of implanted tumors showed characteristic findings according to different organs. Tumors that were implanted on kidney grew in a round shape, small and regular pattern. In the spleen, tumors grew well and microscopic neovascularization and tumor thrombi were also found, but the growth pattern was irregular representing frequent daughter mass. Human lung cancer cells that were implanted in the liver, invaded to the liver parenchyme, and had low success rate of implantation. Microscopically, coagulation necrosis and myxoid fibrous lesion were observed. CONCLUSION: The success rate of implantation was highest in the kidney. And the mass revealed regular growth that could be measured easily. The SCC-Ag was presented earlier than CEA or Cyfra21-1. The Cyfra21-1 was not detected at early time after implantation. The best model for tumor implantation experiment for chemosensitivity test was subrenal capsular analysis than liver and spleen and the useful serum tumor marker in early period of implantation was the SCC-Ag.

Comparative Analysis of arterial Gases and Acid-base status in Patients with Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease at Preoperative Period, During Extracorporeal Circulation, and Postoperative Period / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Patients with cardiac diseases who have structural defects in their heart bring about metabolic insult such as preoperative acid-base imbalance. Cardiac operation requires many nonphysiologic procedures such as extracorporeal circulation, hypothermia, and hemodilution. We studied the acid-base status of surgical heart diseases pre-operatively, during extracorporeal circulation, and post-operatively and researched the treatment indications of acid-base disturbances. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 1997 to May 1999, fifty two cases of open heart surgery were carried out under extracorporeal circulation, which divided into a set of pediatric and adult groups, congenital and acquired groups, non-cyanotic and cyanotic groups, The alpha-stat arterial blood gas analysis was done in each group during the preoperative period, during the operation with extracorporeal circulation, and during the postoperative period. RESULT: Before surgery, all patients present metabolic acidosis, PaO2 was low in adult group and acquired group and compensatory respiratory alkalosis was noted in cyanotic group. During extracorporeal circulation, adult group revealed alkalosis and normal in acquired group. Pediatric group presents low PaCO2, metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. Congenital group and non-cyanotic group showed non-compensatory alkalosis trend and non-compensatory respiratory acidosis were observed in cyanotic group during extracorporeal circulation. Postoperative acid-base status of adult group was recovered to normal and the standard bicarbonate was increased in the acquired group. All of the pediatric, congenital non-cyanotic, and cyanotic groups revealed the lack of buffer base. CONCLUSION: In Preoperative period, correction of metabolic acidosis was required in pediatric, congenital and non-cyanotic groups, while treatment of metabolic acidosis and low PaCO2 were required in adult and acquired groups. In the cyanotic group, metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis needed to be corrected preoperatively. Using the extracorporeal circulation, minimal correction was required except acquired group which showed normal acid-base balance. In postoperative period, restriction of bicarbonate was required for acquired group while increase of buffer base was required for pediatric, congenital, non-cyanotic, and cyanotic groups.

Expression of the Epidermal Growth Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Lung Cancer / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Release of Epidermal Growth Factor(EGF) af fects the growth of the lung cancer in various ways and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is known as acute immune reactants and now used in lung cancer t reatment, supress carcinogenesis of the lung. In this study, expression rates of EGF and TNF-alpha in the lung cancer tissue and the serum of lung cancer patients were measured. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In twenty cases of lung cancer and four cases of benign tumor or granuloma, all patient's peripheral blood was sampled pre, and postopertively, and tumor tissues and tumo r free lung tissues were obtained from resected surgical specimens in all patien ts. Then, all blood samples and tissues were frozen and kept safely in the liqui d nitrogen tank. Human EGF kit(Amersham pharmacia biotech, England) and TNF-alpha I RMA kit (Biosouce, Belgium) were used in quantitation of EGF and TNF-alpha respecti vely. RESULT: 1. Both EGF and TNF-alpha were expressed in all tissues and control tissue, benign tumor or granuloma tis sue, cancer tissue and pre- and postoperatively sampled serum. 2. The amount of EGF and TNF-alpha were significantly higher in cancer tissue than in control and be nign tumor tissues. 3. The expression of TNF-alpha was more potent in adenocarcinom a tissue. 4. The expressed amounts of serum EGF and TNF-alpha were 5.7 times and 1. 3 times higher than in tissue respectively. 5. The expression rates of TNF-alpha in cancer tissue was different according to histologic types of cancer but not dif ferent for EGF. 6. As TNM stages go up the amount of EGF in cancer tissue increa sed but TNF-alpha ecreased. 7. The amount of EGF in serum was increased at immediat e postoprative period but TNF-alpha was decreased. CONCLUSION: The presence of di fference in the expressed amount of EGF and TNF-alpha between cancer tissue and con trol tissue was proven, also the difference was found between tissue and serum r epresenting the concentration of EGF and TNF-alpha which were higher in serum than in tissues. EGF and TNF-alpha are released in all of normal tissue, benign tumor ti ssue and lung cancer tissue and their expression rates were variable according t o cell function. Further research is needed to for the expression of EGF and TN F-alpha in various kinds of cells.

Pre-and Post-ishemic Changes of the Constituent Enzymes in Isolated Rabbit's Myocardium / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Nucleoside transport inhibitor(NTI) Keeps AMP, ADP, ATP levels high in myocytes by inhibiting adenosine cataboilsm so that it may preserve the myocardial contractability during ischemia In this study we investigated the effects of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibor(C-AMP PDSI) and S-P-nitrobenzyl-6 -thioniosine(NBT; a sort of NIT) on myocadial preservation and changes of constituent enzyme. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-six isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution for 20 minutes arrested for 20 minutes and ten reperfused for 30 minutes. The following four groups were prepared and hemodynamic changes coronary effluent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) a-hydroxybutylic accid(a-HBD) levels and myocardial LDH creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) adenosine deaminase(ADA) a-HBD levels and myocardial LDH creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) adenosine deaminase(ADA) a-HBD levels were analysed before and after cardiac arest ; Group I(control) ; the heart was only perfused with K-H ; Group II ; the heart was perfused with K-H including C-AMP PDSI(Amrinone 25mg/L); Group III ; the heart was perfused with K-H including NBT(4.19mg/L) ; Group IV ; the heart was perfused with K-H including C-AMP PDSI + NBT. RESULT: Left venticular developed pressure(LVDP) at 10 minutes of the equilibrium was significantly higher in group III(72.1+/-5.3 mmHg p<0.01) and group III(72+/-5.6 mmHg P<0.025) as compared with group I (40.8+/-4.7mmHg) and LVDP at 20 minutes of the reperfusion was significantly higher in group II(74+/-5.3mmHg P<0.01) and group III(72+/-5.6mmHg p<0.025) as compared with group I (44.2+/-4.6mmHg). Percentage recovery of LVDP at the reperfusion was the highest in group II(123.3%) Percentage recovery of coronary flow at the equilibrium reperfusion were higher in group II(310%, 270%) group III(230%, 290%) group IV(310%, 280%) as compared with group I (100%) respectively. Myocadial LDH level was significant lower in group IV(33495+/-1802 IU/gm p<0.04) as compared with group I(48767+/-1421 IU/gm) Myocadial CK-MB level was significant higher in group II(74820+/-1421 IU/gm) compared with group I 45450+/-1737 IU/gm) Myocadial ADA level was significant higher group IV(1215+/-8 IU/gm p<0.05) compared with group I(125+/-15 IU/gm) but there was no significant difference between group I and group II ,III, IV in changes of coronary effluent LDH, a-HBD levels. CONCLUSIONS: C-AMP PDSI solely appears to have a better effect on myocardial preservation after ischemia than NBT but with no synergistic effect and it could keep CK-MB leve high in myocardial tissues.

The Contents of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interleukin-6 in Right Auricular Tissue / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: TNF-alpha plays a major role in producing left ventricular dysfunction cardio-myopathy pulmonary edema and inhibits the compensatory mechanism of congestive heart failure. IL-6 is an acute reactant of immune reaction and also known to control immune reaction but its function in the myocyte was not clearly investigated. Author's performed this experiment to investigate the contents of TNF-alpha and IL-6 on the assumption that TNF-alpha and IL-6 may reside in nonfailing heart that has gone cardiac surgery and play some role in cardiac function. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Right auricular tissues were sampled from 12 patients who had undergone total corrective surgery for both congenital and acquired heart diseases from January 1998 to June 1998 in Kosin Universcfy Gospel hospital. The quantitive analysis of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were assessed by ELISA method in right auricular tissue. Hemodynamic values about the pressure of ventricle atrium aorta pulmonary artery and cardiac index pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output were measured by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization and biochemical analyses of LDH & AST were done before operation. statistical analysis was by Paired Student t-test. Patients were divided into children(under 15 years olds) and adults groups and the data was compared beween two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Mild pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance were existed in both group. The contents of tissue TNF-alpha IL-6 in each group were independent of each data.

The Contents of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interleukin-6 in Right Auricular Tissue / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: TNF-alpha plays a major role in producing left ventricular dysfunction cardio-myopathy pulmonary edema and inhibits the compensatory mechanism of congestive heart failure. IL-6 is an acute reactant of immune reaction and also known to control immune reaction but its function in the myocyte was not clearly investigated. Author's performed this experiment to investigate the contents of TNF-alpha and IL-6 on the assumption that TNF-alpha and IL-6 may reside in nonfailing heart that has gone cardiac surgery and play some role in cardiac function. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Right auricular tissues were sampled from 12 patients who had undergone total corrective surgery for both congenital and acquired heart diseases from January 1998 to June 1998 in Kosin Universcfy Gospel hospital. The quantitive analysis of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were assessed by ELISA method in right auricular tissue. Hemodynamic values about the pressure of ventricle atrium aorta pulmonary artery and cardiac index pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output were measured by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization and biochemical analyses of LDH & AST were done before operation. statistical analysis was by Paired Student t-test. Patients were divided into children(under 15 years olds) and adults groups and the data was compared beween two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Mild pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance were existed in both group. The contents of tissue TNF-alpha IL-6 in each group were independent of each data.

Sequential changes of Interleukin-6 , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, and Troponin-T During Open Heart Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Immunologic and inflammatory responses of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) influence postoperative mortality and morbidity with multiple organ injury. It has been reported that ischemia/reperfusion induced-myocardial injury during CPB is causative of release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The purpose of this study was to detect the time course of the activated cytokine and troponin-T(TnT), and to examine the correlation between such parameters during CPB. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The serial samples were collected from arterial blood via radial arterial catheter in 23 patients who are underwent open heart surgery (OHS) with CPB, the IL-6, TNF-alpha and TnT were checked. RESULT: (1) IL-6, TNFalpha- and TnT concentration increased significantly during CPB with a peaking level of CPB-off (p 0.05). (2) IL-6 had highly positive correlation with aortic cross clamping time and total bypass time(r=0.80, 0.78; p 0.05, respectively). (3) There was no correlation among IL-6, TNF-alpha and TnT. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these data showed that elevated production of serum IL-6 during CPB was attributable to ischemia/reperfusion induced-myocardial damage. IL-6 will become a new and sensitive biological marker in assessment of myocardial damage during OHS with CPB. However, further studies will be needed to apply IL-6 in more patient population.

Comparative Study of Prolonged Preservation Methods in Rabbit Heart for Transplantation / 대한흉부외과학회지

The successful cardiac transplantation depends partly on the donor heart preservation by a solution that will ensure recovery of myocardial function. The purpose of this study was to perform the evaluation of various preservation solutions and to accumulate the data on the requisites for ideal preservation solution. The experimental setup was the constant pressure Langendorff's perfusion system. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused for 20minutes with warm Krebs-Henseleit solution, stored for 4 hours in cold preservation solution after cardioplegia, and then were reperfused for 20minutes. The 4 experimental groups were prepared : Hartmann's solution group (group I, control), modified Euro-collins' solution group (group II, MEC), modified University of Wisconsin group (group III , MUW), and CK solution(made by the author) group (group IV, CK). The parameters for assessing the preservation ability were levels of enzymes in freezed myocardial tissues (lactate, creatine kinase-MB and adenosine deaminase), coronary flow, left ventricular developing pressure and dp/dt. In conclusion, the ability of preservation for isolated rabbit heart was excellent in CK solution and modified University of Wisconsin solution, and poor in modified Euro-collins' solution, compared with Hartmann solution. CK solution has low potassium concentrations(34.2mEq/L) and includes various substrates to be salutary on myocardial preservation. This fact may indicates the necessity of further refinements in selection or composition of electrolytes and substrates.

The Study of CYFRA 21-1 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Levels in Cancer Tissue of Bronchogenic Carcinoma Patients / 대한흉부외과학회지

CYFRA 21-1 is known to be a cytokeratin 19 fragment, and it can be detected by using two specific monoclonal antibodies (KS 19-1 and BM 19-21) and can be clinically applied as a useful circulating tumor marker. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) expression was evaluated and characterized by its tyrosine protein kinase activity and by its ligand-stimulated autophosphorylation, a property shared with other peptide growth factor receptors. Autocrine or paracrine action was initiated by a growth factor, or by a transforming growth factor alpha, which had an extensive homology with EGF and which also stimulated tyrosine kinase activity on the EGF-R. The CYFRA 21-1 and the EGF-R levels in 30 patients with primary lung tumors were investigated. There were 24 patients with squamous cell carcinomas and 6 patients with adenocarcinomas. Specimen 5 mm3 in size were sampled at three different locations ; the main lesion, the boundary between the lesion and the unaffected tissue, and the unaffected tissue of the patients. The results were as follows : 1. The CYFRA 21-1 concentration in the cancer boundary, the most malignant region,(348.6+/-89.9 ng/ml) was the lowest value. The CYFRA 21-1 concentration in unaffected tissue,(718.4+/-77.8 ng/ml) was higher than that in the main lesion. which had intact cellularity. 2. The EGF-R concentration in the main lesion was higher than that in the unaffected tissue, and the EGF-R concentration in a squamous cell cacinoma was higher than that in an adenocarcinoma. also, the EGF-R concentration in the cancer boundary was highest at stage I, II. The EGF-R concentration was higher in the main cancer lesion that in the unaffected tissue at stage III, IV. 3. The CYFRA 21-1 was a cytoplasmic skeleton and the EGF-R was a cell-wall component; there was no correlation. In conclusion, CYFRA 21-1 was abundant in the cytoplasm but had a higher concentration in the unaffected tissue than in the main cancer lesion. The CYFRA 21-1 concentration of the tissue did not reflect the amount of cancer activity, the EGF-R was located in the cell membrane, the level of tissue that reflects cancer activity, so the main cancer lesion had a higher concentration than the unaffected tissue. CYFRA 21-1 is not a useful tumor maker at the tissue level. Because the EGF-R concentration reflected the cancer activity, its a useful tumor marker for lung cancer.

Surgical evaluation of diaphragmatic hernia / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.

Surgical repair of bochdalek hernia in adult: A report of two cases / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.

Superiority of modified university of Wisconsin solution in the prolonged preservation of isolated rat heart / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.

Investigation of experimental acute ischemic myocardium with a microdialysis apparatus / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.

Analysis of postpneumonectomy complications / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.

Effect of L-carnitine on ischemic myocardium of Langendorff's isolated rat heart / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.